Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What is it?

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a sudden loss of kidney function, leading to the inability of the kidneys to filter waste products and excess fluids from the bloodstream. AKI can occur rapidly, over hours or days.

What are the symptoms?

Decreased urine output
Swelling in the legs, ankles, or feet
Fatigue
Shortness of breath
Nausea and vomiting
Confusion or altered mental status

What else could it be? (Differential diagnosis)

Chronic kidney disease (in a long-term setting)
Heart failure
Urinary tract obstruction
Liver disease (hepatorenal syndrome)

What are the aggravating factors?

Dehydration
High blood pressure
Diabetes
Certain medications (e.g., NSAIDs, some antibiotics)
Sepsis or severe infection
Acute blood loss or trauma

What types of food are helpful?

Low-sodium, low-protein diet to reduce strain on the kidneys.
Adequate hydration but avoiding excessive fluid intake in case of fluid retention.
High-fiber foods (fruits, vegetables) to support overall health and reduce kidney workload.
Avoid foods high in phosphorus and potassium (especially if kidney function declines).

Sample Recipe: Low-Sodium Grilled Chicken and Veggie Bowl

Ingredients: 4 oz grilled chicken breast, roasted sweet potatoes, steamed broccoli, quinoa.
Directions: Grill chicken and serve with roasted sweet potatoes and steamed broccoli over quinoa.

What are the traditional treatments?

Fluid management to correct dehydration or fluid overload
Dialysis (in severe cases) to help remove waste products from the blood
Medications to treat underlying causes (e.g., diuretics for fluid overload, antibiotics for infection)
Monitoring kidney function with blood tests (creatinine, BUN levels)

What are the natural and alternative treatments?

Astragalus: Some studies suggest this herb has protective properties for the kidneys, although further clinical studies are needed.
Milk Thistle: Known for liver detoxification, it might also offer kidney protection in certain conditions.
Hydration and electrolyte balance: Natural ways to support kidney function include maintaining adequate hydration levels with low-sodium fluids like coconut water.