Atherosclerosis

What is it?

Atherosclerosis is a condition where the arteries become narrowed and hardened due to the build-up of plaque (fat, cholesterol, and other substances). This can restrict blood flow and increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease.

What are the symptoms?

Chest pain (angina)
Shortness of breath
Fatigue
Dizziness or fainting
Leg pain (if the arteries in the legs are affected)

What else could it be? (Differential diagnosis)

Coronary artery disease
Peripheral artery disease
Stroke
Hypertension (high blood pressure)

What are the aggravating factors?

High cholesterol levels
High blood pressure
Smoking
Lack of physical activity
Diabetes or insulin resistance
Poor diet (high in saturated fats, trans fats, and sugars)

What types of food are helpful?

Heart-healthy diet: Emphasize fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.
Healthy fats: Include sources of omega-3 fatty acids (e.g., fatty fish, flaxseeds).
Reduce saturated fats: Limit red meat, processed foods, and full-fat dairy.
Increase fiber intake: Foods like beans, oats, and fruits can help lower cholesterol.

Sample Recipe: Grilled Salmon with Quinoa Salad

Ingredients: Salmon, quinoa, cherry tomatoes, cucumber, olive oil, lemon juice.
Directions: Grill salmon and serve with a quinoa salad mixed with fresh vegetables and a lemon-olive oil dressing.

What are the traditional treatments?

Statins: Medications to lower cholesterol levels.
Blood pressure medications: To manage hypertension.
Lifestyle changes: Regular exercise, a heart-healthy diet, and smoking cessation.
Surgical procedures: In severe cases, procedures like angioplasty or bypass surgery may be needed to restore blood flow.

What are the natural and alternative treatments?

Omega-3 supplements: Fish oil may help reduce inflammation and lower cholesterol.
Garlic: Some studies suggest garlic may help reduce cholesterol levels and improve heart health.
Green tea: Rich in antioxidants, it may help reduce plaque build-up in arteries.
Coenzyme Q10: This supplement may help reduce oxidative stress and improve heart function.