Cricopharyngeal Dysfunction (Cricopharyngeal Spasm)

What is it?

Cricopharyngeal dysfunction, or cricopharyngeal spasm, occurs when the cricopharyngeal muscle, located at the top of the esophagus, does not relax properly. This can lead to difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) and a sensation of a lump in the throat.

What are the symptoms?

Difficulty swallowing
Sensation of a lump in the throat (globus sensation)
Pain or discomfort when swallowing
Regurgitation of food or liquid
Throat tightness or discomfort
Coughing while eating

What else could it be? (Differential diagnosis)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Esophageal motility disorders (e.g., achalasia)
Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR)
Zenker’s diverticulum
Pharyngitis or throat infection

What are the aggravating factors?

GERD or acid reflux
Stress or anxiety
Eating large or dry food
Alcohol or caffeine consumption

What types of food are helpful?

Small, frequent meals: To avoid overloading the esophagus and cricopharyngeal muscle.
Soft foods: Easier to swallow, such as mashed potatoes, soups, or smoothies.
Avoid acidic foods: Such as citrus, tomatoes, and spicy foods to reduce reflux.

Sample Recipe: Creamy Mashed Sweet Potatoes

Ingredients: Sweet potatoes, butter, milk, cinnamon.
Directions: Cook sweet potatoes, mash with butter and milk, and top with a sprinkle of cinnamon for a soft, easy-to-swallow dish.

What are the traditional treatments?

Dilation therapy: To stretch the cricopharyngeal muscle.
Botox injections: To relax the muscle.
Medications: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to reduce acid reflux or antianxiety medications.
Speech therapy: To help with swallowing difficulties.

What are the natural and alternative treatments?

Ginger tea: Can help soothe the throat and may reduce reflux symptoms.
Herbal remedies: Slippery elm or marshmallow root may help with throat irritation.
Relaxation techniques: Meditation or deep breathing exercises to reduce stress-related muscle spasms.