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Cholera

What is it?

Cholera is an acute diarrheal disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is transmitted through contaminated water or food and can lead to severe dehydration and death if untreated.

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What are the symptoms?

  • Severe watery diarrhea (often described as “rice-water” stool)

  • Vomiting

  • Dehydration

  • Fatigue

  • Muscle cramps

  • Rapid heartbeat

  • Low blood pressure

  • Dry mouth and skin

What else could it be? (Differential diagnosis)

  • Giardiasis: Parasitic infection causing diarrhea.

  • Dysentery: Similar symptoms of diarrhea, but with blood and mucus in stools.

  • Salmonella infection: Causes gastrointestinal distress similar to cholera.

  • Rotavirus: Diarrhea and vomiting in children.

What are the aggravating factors?

  • Contaminated water or food: Drinking water from non-potable sources or eating food      prepared in unsanitary conditions.

  • Poor sanitation and hygiene: Especially in areas lacking proper sewage disposal.

  • Travel to endemic regions: Particularly in parts of Africa, Asia, and Latin America.

What types of food are helpful?

  • Oral rehydration: Regular intake of ORS to prevent dehydration.

  • Light, easily digestible foods: Rice, boiled potatoes, and clear broths are easy on the stomach.

  • Avoid sugary and fatty foods: These can worsen diarrhea.

Sample Recipe: Simple Broth Soup

  • 2 cups water

  • 1 carrot, chopped

  • 1 potato, diced

  • Salt to taste

  • Boil ingredients until vegetables are tender, then serve.

What are the traditional treatments?

  • Oral rehydration salts (ORS): To rehydrate and replace electrolytes lost through diarrhea.

  • Intravenous fluids: In severe cases of dehydration.

  • Antibiotics: Doxycycline or azithromycin may be used in severe cases.

  • Zinc supplementation: To reduce the duration of diarrhea.

What are the natural and alternative treatments?

  • Coconut water: Contains electrolytes and may aid in hydration.

  • Ginger tea: Can soothe the stomach and help with digestion.

  • Probiotics: May help restore healthy gut flora post-infection.

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