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Down Syndrome

What is it?

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, leading to developmental delays, intellectual disability, and characteristic physical traits.

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What are the symptoms?

  • Intellectual disability or developmental delays

  • Flat facial profile

  • Upward slanting eyes

  • Short neck and small ears

  • Low muscle tone (hypotonia)

  • Delayed physical development (e.g., walking, talking)

  • Heart defects (in some cases)

What else could it be? (Differential diagnosis)

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

  • Fragile X syndrome

  • Fetal alcohol syndrome

  • Williams syndrome

What are the aggravating factors?

  • Older maternal age increases the likelihood of a child being born with Down syndrome.

  • Environmental factors during pregnancy (e.g., smoking, alcohol consumption).

What types of food are helpful?

  • Balanced diet: Encourage a healthy, well-rounded diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

  • Fiber: To prevent constipation, which can be common in individuals with Down syndrome.

  • Weight management: Due to lower muscle tone, individuals with Down syndrome are at risk of obesity, so maintaining a healthy weight is important.

Sample Recipe: Vegetable Stir-Fry

  • Ingredients: Broccoli, carrots, bell peppers, onions, tofu or chicken, olive oil, soy sauce.

  • Directions: Sauté vegetables and tofu/chicken in olive oil, drizzle with soy sauce, and serve with brown rice.

What are the traditional treatments?

  • Early intervention: Speech therapy, physical therapy, and occupational therapy to address developmental delays.

  • Educational support: Special education programs tailored to individual needs.

  • Medical management: Monitoring for associated health conditions such as heart defects, hearing loss, and vision problems.

What are the natural and alternative treatments?

  • Omega-3 fatty acids: May support brain health and development.

  • Coenzyme Q10: Some research suggests that it may help improve cognitive function in individuals with Down syndrome.

  • Speech therapy: Early intervention with speech therapy can enhance communication skills.

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