Osteoarthritis (OA)

What is it?

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that occurs when the cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones wears down over time. It commonly affects weight-bearing joints like the knees, hips, and spine.

What are the symptoms?

Joint pain that worsens with activity
Stiffness in the affected joint, especially in the morning or after inactivity
Loss of flexibility or range of motion
Swelling around the joint
Grinding sensation when moving the joint

What else could it be? (Differential diagnosis)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Joint injuries
Gout or pseudogout
Bursitis

What are the aggravating factors?

Age: OA is more common as you age.
Obesity: Extra weight places additional stress on weight-bearing joints.
Previous joint injuries: Previous injuries can lead to OA later in life.
Family history: Genetics can play a role in the development of OA.

What types of food are helpful?

Anti-inflammatory foods: Omega-3 fatty acids from fish (salmon, sardines) can help reduce inflammation.
Vitamin D and calcium: Important for bone health, especially if you have OA in weight-bearing joints.
Maintain a healthy weight: This can reduce the strain on your joints, especially in the knees and hips.

Sample Recipe: Salmon and Spinach Salad

Ingredients: Grilled salmon, fresh spinach, olive oil, lemon, and almonds.
Directions: Toss salmon and spinach together with olive oil and lemon dressing for a nutrient-dense, anti-inflammatory meal.

What are the traditional treatments?

Pain relievers: Over-the-counter medications such as acetaminophen or NSAIDs (ibuprofen).
Physical therapy: Strengthening the muscles around the joint can help relieve pain.
Joint injections: Steroid or hyaluronic acid injections to reduce inflammation.
Surgery: In severe cases, joint replacement surgery may be necessary.

What are the natural and alternative treatments?

Turmeric and ginger: Both have anti-inflammatory properties that may help with joint pain.
Acupuncture: Some people find relief from OA symptoms through acupuncture.
Glucosamine and chondroitin supplements: These may help support joint health.